3.1 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

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Question 1 of 25

1. Question

1. Which of the following best describes the anatomical plane of movement known as the transverse plane?

A. Divides the body into left and right
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B. Divides the body into front and back
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C. Divides the body into top and bottom
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Question 2 of 25

2. Question

2. Which of the following systems is NOT positively affected by regular exercise?

A. Cardiovascular system
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B. Muscular system
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C. Skeletal system
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D. Nervous system
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E. Endocrine system
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F. Digestive system
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Question 3 of 25

3. Question

3. Which of the following chambers of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body?

A. Left atrium
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B. Right atrium
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C. Left ventricle
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D. Right ventricle
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Question 4 of 25

4. Question

4. What are the main muscles involved in inspiration during breathing?

A. The diaphragm and the internal intercostal muscles
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B. The diaphragm and the abdominal muscles
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C. The intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles
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D. The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
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Question 5 of 25

5. Question

5. What is the main role of the diaphragm in the process of breathing?

A. To contract and flatten out during inspiration, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating a negative pressure inside the lungs
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B. To relax and move upward during expiration, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and increasing the pressure inside the lungs
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C. To contract and flatten out during expiration, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and increasing the pressure inside the lungs
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D. To relax and move upward during inspiration, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating a negative pressure inside the lungs
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Question 6 of 25

6. Question

6. Which of the following is not the effect of exercise on the body’s circulatory system?

A. Increase heart rate and blood flow
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B. Decrease the amount of oxygen in the blood
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C. Remove waste products from the body
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D. Decrease the blood flow to the muscles
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E. None of the above
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Question 7 of 25

7. Question

7. What is the main function of the skeletal system?

A. To deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells
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B. To provide support and protection for the body's organs, tissues, and cells
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C. To filter waste products from the body
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D. To control the body's movement and balance
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Question 8 of 25

8. Question

8. Which of the following types of bones is found in the wrists and ankles?

A. Long bones
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B. Short bones
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C. Flat bones
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D. Irregular bones
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Question 9 of 25

9. Question

9. What is the main function of tendons in the body?

A. To connect bones to other bones and provide stability to the joint
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B. To provide cushioning and reduce friction at the joints
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C. To connect muscles to bones and transmit the force of muscle contractions
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D. To support the body's movement and protect the joints from injury.
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Question 10 of 25

10. Question

10. What are the three main types of muscles found in the human body and what are their functions?

A. Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle is responsible for movement, smooth muscle is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels, and cardiac muscle is found in the walls of the heart.
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B. Fast-twitch fibers, slow-twitch fibers, and cardiac muscle. Fast-twitch fibers are responsible for endurance activities, slow-twitch fibers are found in the walls of the heart, and cardiac muscle is found in the walls of organs.
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C. Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and connective tissue. Skeletal muscle is responsible for movement, cardiac muscle is found in the walls of the heart, and connective tissue is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels.
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D. Smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and nerve tissue. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels, skeletal muscle is responsible for movement, and nerve tissue is found in the walls of the heart.
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Question 11 of 25

11. Question

11. Which of the following is not a function of the pelvic floor muscles?

A. Support the organs of the pelvis
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B. Control the flow of saliva
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C. Play a role in sexual function
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D. Help to maintain continence
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Question 12 of 25

12. Question

12. Which of the following best describes the principle of muscle action during movement?

A muscle contracts and produces force, which is then transmitted through the bones to produce movement at the joint
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B. A muscle relaxes and produces force, which is then transmitted through the bones to produce movement at the joint
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C. A muscle contracts and relaxes simultaneously to produce movement at the joint
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D. A muscle does not play a role in movement, only joints do.
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Question 13 of 25

13. Question

13. What are the main types of joints in the human body?

A. Movable joints
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B. Fixed joints
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C. Partially movable joints
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D. All of the above
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Question 14 of 25

14. Question

14. Which of the following is not a factor that can affect joint stability and increase the risk of injury to the joints?

A. Overuse
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B. Improper form
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C. Lack of warm-up
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D. Good conditioning
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E. Eating too much sugar
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Question 15 of 25

15. Question

15. Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement and balance?

A. Cerebrum
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B. Cerebellum
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C. Brainstem
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D. Corpus Callosum
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Question 16 of 25

16. Question

16. What are the neuromuscular adaptations that are associated with exercise and training?

A. An increase in muscle strength
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B. An increase in muscle power
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C. An increase in muscle endurance
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D. An improvement in coordination
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E. All of the above
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Question 17 of 25

17. Question

17. What is the main function of the digestive system?

A) To process food and convert it into energy and nutrients
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B) To distribute oxygen throughout the body
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C) To eliminate waste from the body
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D) To filter blood and produce urine
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Question 18 of 25

18. Question

18. What are the main benefits of regular exercise on the endocrine system?

a) Improved insulin sensitivity and bone density
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b) Increased heart rate and blood pressure
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c) Production of hormones that promote bone growth and reduce stress
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d) All of the above
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Question 19 of 25

19. Question

19. Which of the following best describes the range of motion of the spine?

A) The spine has the same range of motion throughout all of its sections
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B) The cervical spine has the greatest range of motion, the thoracic and lumbar spine have less range of motion and the sacral spine has the least range of motion
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C) The cervical, thoracic and lumbar spines have the same range of motion and the sacral spine has the most range of motion
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D) The cervical spine has the least range of motion and the sacral spine has the most range of motion
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Question 20 of 25

20. Question

20. Which muscles of the body help to maintain stability and alignment of the spine and joints?

A) Transverse abdominis, multifidus and pelvic floor muscles
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B) Erector spinae, latissimus dorsi and hip flexors
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C) Iliopsoas, rectus femoris and puborectalis muscles
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D) Pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus and rectus femoris muscles
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Question 21 of 25

21. Question

21. What is one possible consequence of incorrect stabilisation?

a) Improved posture
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b) Increased risk of falls and injuries
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c) More balanced muscle groups
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d) Greater range of motion in the spine and joints.
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Question 22 of 25

22. Question

22. Which principle of flexibility training states that flexibility exercises should be chosen based on the specific joint or muscle group that needs to be stretched?

a) The principle of specificity
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b) The principle of overloading
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c) The principle of individual differences
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d) The principle of progression
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Question 23 of 25

23. Question

23. Which of the following are common equipment used for stabilisation exercises?

A) Treadmill and stairmaster
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B) Resistance bands, stability balls, and medicine balls
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C) Treadmill and dumbbells
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D) Leg press and barbell
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Question 24 of 25

24. Question

24. Which of the following exercises focus on balance, stability, and flexibility in reformer Pilates?

A) The Hundreds
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B) Bicep Curls
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C) Bench Press
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D) Deadlifts
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Question 25 of 25

25. Question

25. Where is the infraspinatus origin and insertion point?

A) Infraspinous fossa and greater tubercle of the humerus
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B) Clavicle and medial border of the scapula
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C) Infraspinatus fossa and lesser tubercle of the humerus
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D) Supraspinatus fossa and greater tubercle of the humerus
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